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Related Experiment Videos

Confidence in errors as a possible basis for delusions in schizophrenia.

Steffen Moritz1, Todd S Woodward, Jennifer C Whitman

  • 1Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|January 28, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenic patients show higher confidence in memory errors, a phenomenon called knowledge corruption. This increased reliance on false knowledge may contribute to delusions in schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous studies indicate schizophrenic patients exhibit heightened confidence in memory errors.
  • Knowledge corruption, defined as high-confident errors, is a potential risk factor for delusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze knowledge corruption in schizophrenic patients across different memory error types.
  • To investigate the link between memory errors, confidence, and delusions.

Main Methods:

  • A source-monitoring task was administered to 30 schizophrenic patients and 15 healthy controls.
  • Participants generated associates, recognized words, judged sources, and provided confidence ratings.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenic patients demonstrated significantly greater knowledge corruption than controls.

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  • This effect was pronounced in both false-positive and false-negative judgments.
  • Patients exhibited higher confidence in their memory errors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Increased reliance on false knowledge (knowledge corruption) is a key characteristic of schizophrenia.
    • This mechanism may underlie the formation of fixed false beliefs, such as delusions.