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Related Experiment Videos

Cooling and clusters: when is heating needed?

Greg Bryan1, Mark Voit

  • 1Department of Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK. gbryan@astro.ox.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 1, 2005
PubMed
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Heating in galaxy clusters is complex. Our simulations suggest gas cools early, requiring heating at high redshift, potentially separating solutions for the cooling-flow and cluster-entropy problems.

Area of Science:

  • * Astrophysics and Cosmology
  • * Galaxy Cluster Physics

Background:

  • * Two key problems exist in galaxy cluster thermal gas: identifying the heating source that counteracts cooling in cluster centers (cooling-flow problem) and understanding entropy boosting mechanisms.
  • * Active galactic nuclei (AGN) heating is a potential candidate, observed in some cooling-flow clusters, leading to the temptation to link both problems to the same process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the timing of gas cooling and heating in the context of galaxy cluster formation.
  • * To determine if a single heating process can simultaneously address the cooling-flow and cluster-entropy problems.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilized numerical simulations of galaxy cluster formation.
  • * Modeled the thermal evolution of gas within forming clusters.

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Main Results:

  • * Simulations indicate that a significant portion of gas destined for clusters cools at high redshifts (early cosmic times).
  • * This early cooling implies that heating mechanisms must be active at high redshifts, preceding cluster formation.

Conclusions:

  • * The findings suggest that the heating required to solve the cooling-flow problem may need to operate at high redshifts.
  • * This timing indicates that the same heating process might not resolve both the cooling-flow and the cluster-entropy problems, suggesting distinct physical origins or evolutionary phases.