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Japanese encephalitis in Assam, northeast India.

A C Phukan1, P K Borah, J Mahanta

  • 1Regional Medical Research Center, NE Region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, Assam, India.

The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|February 4, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a significant public health issue in Assam. This study details JE outbreaks, confirming over half of suspected cases and identifying key clinical and environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) poses a major public health challenge in Assam, Northeast India.
  • Understanding the clinical and epidemiological profile of JE outbreaks is crucial for effective control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis during outbreaks in Assam over three consecutive years.
  • To identify risk factors associated with JE transmission in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical and epidemiological data from 773 suspected viral encephalitis patients admitted between June and August, 2000-2002.
  • Detection of JE-specific IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples using MAC-ELISA.
  • Case confirmation in 348 patients.

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Main Results:

  • Diagnosis was confirmed in 53.7% of suspected cases.
  • Male to female ratio was 1.8:1, and pediatric to adult ratio was 1.4:1.
  • Pediatric cases (7-12 years) constituted 34.2%. Common symptoms included fever, altered sensorium, headache, and neck rigidity.
  • Most cases (96.3%) originated from rural areas.
  • Environmental factors like proximity to water bodies, rice cultivation, pig rearing, and climate influenced vector abundance.

Conclusions:

  • Japanese encephalitis outbreaks in Assam predominantly affect pediatric populations in rural areas.
  • Clinical presentation includes fever, neurological deficits, and characteristic symptoms.
  • Environmental factors play a significant role in the prevalence of JE vectors, necessitating targeted public health interventions.