Comparison of regenerative capacity elicited by demineralized bone matrix of different embryonic origins

In the cranio-maxillo-facial field, extensive research has been conducted to find substitutes for autogeneic bone as a grafting material. The present study examined the effect of demineralized allogeneic bone material of membranous and enchondral origin compared with autogenous bone chips on the healing response in rabbit skull defects. The demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was bioassayed in a critical-size defect rat model. Four trephined calvarial defects were created in each of 14 adult rabbits and the experimental materials implanted into three defects leaving the fourth defect empty for control purposes. The results were assessed by light microscopy and contact radiography after periods of 4 and 15 weeks. The DBM of both origins displayed extensive osteoinductive capacity and early bone production significantly exceeded that of the two control groups. The embryological origin implied minor effects on the initial regenerative response and bone marrow redevelopment. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.