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Related Experiment Videos

Automatic control during hand reaching at undetected two-dimensional target displacements.

C Prablanc1, O Martin

  • 1Vision et Motricité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 94, Bron, France.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|February 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Goal-directed pointing movements are controlled by feedback loops, not preprogrammed commands. Automatic corrections occur even when the target shifts unexpectedly during movement initiation, demonstrating real-time motor control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Goal-directed movements are typically viewed as either open-loop (preprogrammed) or closed-loop (feedback-controlled).
  • Understanding the control mechanisms for rapid, accurate pointing movements is crucial for fields like robotics and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether rapid, goal-directed pointing movements rely on preprogrammed commands or feedback control.
  • To examine the automatic correction mechanisms for ongoing movements when the target location is unexpectedly altered.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects performed pointing movements to visual targets without visual feedback of their hand.
  • The target location was suddenly shifted during the movement's initial phase, coinciding with an eye saccade.

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  • Movement paths and spatiotemporal characteristics were analyzed to assess response corrections.

    • Main Results:

    • Nearly complete compensation of movement paths was observed following target shifts.
    • Short reaction times (145-174 ms) to perturbations were recorded, indicating rapid correction.
    • Movement correction characteristics were similar with and without visual feedback of the hand, suggesting shared underlying mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Rapid pointing movements are primarily controlled by feedback loops, allowing for automatic online corrections.
    • These unconscious corrections may involve visuokinesthetic feedback, feed-forward processes, or a combination thereof.
    • The findings challenge the notion of purely open-loop control for such movements and highlight the adaptability of the motor system.