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Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?

Lesley K Fellows1, Martha J Farah

  • 1Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. lesley.fellows@mcgill.ca

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|February 12, 2005
PubMed
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Damage to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) did not impair cognitive control in humans. This study suggests the dACC may not be essential for adjusting attention or managing response conflict.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Functional neuroimaging implicates the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in cognitive control and attention adjustment.
  • Theories propose the dACC monitors conflict or directly mediates cognitive adjustments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the necessity of the dACC for cognitive control using a loss-of-function approach.
  • To assess cognitive control in individuals with dACC damage.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated cognitive control in four human subjects with dACC damage and 12 matched controls.
  • Utilized Stroop and go-no go tasks with measures from functional imaging literature.
  • Assessed performance adjustments related to response conflict, post-error slowing, and speed/accuracy instructions.

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Main Results:

  • Subjects with dACC damage exhibited normal performance adjustments in response to manipulated response conflict.
  • Post-error slowing and adjustments to speed/accuracy instructions were unaffected by dACC damage.
  • Cognitive control, assessed across four measures and two tasks, remained intact in subjects with dACC lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The findings argue against a necessary role for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control.
  • Loss-of-function evidence suggests the dACC may not be essential for attention allocation or conflict monitoring.