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Related Experiment Videos

Sequential effects on speeded information processing: a developmental study.

Silvan F A Smulders1, Wim Notebaert, Muriel Meijer

  • 1Developmental Psychology Section, Graduate School of Experimental Psychology (EPOS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WB, The Netherlands. s.f.a.smulders@uva.nl

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|February 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Sequential effects on choice reaction time show age-related declines in automatic processing. Children exhibit less automatic facilitation and more subjective expectancy than adults.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sequential effects reveal how prior trial history influences current performance.
  • Understanding age-related changes in cognitive control is crucial for developmental and aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related alterations in sequential effects on choice reaction time (RT).
  • To differentiate between automatic facilitation and subjective expectancy mechanisms across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments using spatially compatible and incompatible choice reaction time tasks.
  • Varied response-stimulus intervals (RSIs) and stimulus-response (S-R) mappings across age groups (7-25 years).

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Adults displayed automatic facilitation (repetition effects) and subjective expectancy (alternation effects).
  • Automatic facilitation decreased with age, particularly for incompatible responses.
  • Age-related increases in first-order alternation effects were observed, but higher-order cost-benefit patterns showed an opposite trend.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related declines in automatic facilitation are evident in sequential choice RT tasks.
  • Distinct mechanisms may underlie first-order and higher-order components of subjective expectancy.
  • These findings highlight developmental trajectories in cognitive control and response selection.