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Related Experiment Videos

Jails, a neglected opportunity for tuberculosis prevention.

Jessica R MacNeil1, Cheryl McRill, Gale Steinhauser

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. jessica.macneil@state.ma.us

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|February 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Nearly a quarter of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Maricopa County involved individuals with a history of jail incarceration. Most incarcerated individuals did not receive TB screening, highlighting missed prevention opportunities.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Correctional Healthcare

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) cases in Arizona correctional facilities rose significantly from 1993 to 2000, exceeding the national average.
  • This trend indicated a potential public health concern within the incarcerated population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the proportion of TB cases in Maricopa County linked to prior county jail incarceration.
  • To identify missed opportunities for TB prevention and early detection in this specific demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-matching TB case reports with jail incarceration records for Maricopa County (1999-2000).
  • Reviewing jail medical records for TB screening history and types.
  • Genotyping TB isolates from incarcerated cases using IS6110 RFLP and spoligotyping.

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Main Results:

  • 24.3% of Maricopa County TB cases had a history of county jail incarceration.
  • A significant majority (82.8%) of incarcerated individuals did not receive TB screening during their jail stay.
  • Six cases among those with available isolates shared a common genotype, suggesting potential transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Incarcerated populations represent a significant proportion of TB cases in Maricopa County.
  • Enhanced TB screening and latent TB infection treatment within jails are crucial for community TB control.