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Related Experiment Videos

Catatonia: disappeared or under-diagnosed?

F M M A van der Heijden1, S Tuinier, N J M Arts

  • 1Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands. fvanderheijden@vvgi.nl

Psychopathology
|February 17, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia has significantly declined, likely due to changes in diagnostic criteria and procedures. Further research indicates under-diagnosis may be prevalent, with at least 18% of acute psychosis patients exhibiting catatonic symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia has seen a marked decrease in prevalence over the past century.
  • Several hypotheses exist regarding the reasons behind this decline in catatonic schizophrenia diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency of catatonic schizophrenia diagnoses in a large psychiatric patient sample.
  • To examine the presence of catatonic symptoms and the impact of diagnostic procedures on catatonia recognition in schizophrenia and psychotic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed diagnosis frequencies in 19,309 admitted psychiatric patients.
  • Assessed catatonic symptoms in 701 schizophrenia patients and 139 psychotic patients using systematic rating scales.
  • Evaluated the effect of diagnostic procedures on catatonia recognition.

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Main Results:

  • Catatonic schizophrenia diagnoses dropped from 7.8% (1980-1989) to 1.3% (1990-2001).
  • Evidence suggests under-diagnosis in schizophrenia patients.
  • At least 18% of acute psychosis patients met catatonia criteria, with this subgroup more frequently using atypical antipsychotics.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in diagnostic criteria and procedures likely contribute to the under-recognition of catatonia.
  • The study highlights potential under-diagnosis and the prevalence of catatonic symptoms in acute psychosis.