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The influence of age and smoking on hemostatic parameters in the chinese people
1Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Insights
Smoking significantly elevates plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI) and factor VII levels, while aging increases fibrinogen. Abstaining from smoking, especially in older adults, is crucial for preventing thromboembolic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Smoking and aging are known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
- Understanding their independent and combined effects on hemostatic factors is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of smoking and aging on specific hemostatic and metabolic markers.
- To determine the interplay between smoking status and age in modulating these markers.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI) antigen, fibrinogen, factor VII, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and glucose.
- Stratification of 101 healthy subjects by age groups and smoking status.
Main Results:
- Smokers exhibited significantly higher levels of factor VII and cholesterol compared to non-smokers.
- Smoking increased PAI and/or factor VII in several age groups, while age significantly increased fibrinogen, an effect amplified by smoking.
Conclusions:
- Smoking elevates factor VII or PAI, and aging increases fibrinogen, with smoking exacerbating this age-related fibrinogen increase.
- Smoking cessation is recommended, particularly for older individuals, to mitigate the risk of thromboembolic events.
Abstract:
Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI) antigen, fibrinogen, factor VII, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and glucose were determined in 101 healthy subjects, who were divided into 10 subgroups according to age and smoking status. Factor VII and cholesterol were significantly higher in 50 healthy smokers than in the remaining 51 healthy non-smokers (p = 0.037 and 0.008, respectively). By dividing smokers and non-smokers each into 5 different age groups, we found that smoking could significantly increase PAI and/or factor VII, but not fibrinogen, in several age groups. On the other hand, age would significantly increase fibrinogen in either smokers or non-smokers, and this increase would be promoted by smoking. In conclusion, smoking could produce higher factor VII or PAI, whereas age could effect the significant increase of fibrinogen which was further promoted by smoking. Though aging cannot be avoided, smoking should be abstained especially in the old people to prevent the occurrence of thromboembolic diseases.