[Wheat transformation by electroporation with ring electrode]

Electroporation has been used effectively to deliver DNA into the tissue of intact wheat immature embryos. The physical parameters of electroporation were 770 V/cm field strength, 800 microF capacitor and 100 microg/mL of plasmid DNA, containing bar and GUS gene. The electroporation was carried out by a portable and permanent ring electrode that can be fitted into the wells of 24-well plates. The samples were pulsed three times. Integration of the introduced genes into the genome of transgenic wheat plants was shown by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Transformation frequency was 7.5%, that is higher than that of the 4.2% frequency by microprojectile bombardment.