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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
Published on: July 8, 2025
Acute psychosis following ingestion of 'Rapture'
Helen Austin1, Erik Monasterio
1Forensic Psychiatric Services, Hillmorton Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand. helen.austin@cdhb.govt.nz
Objectives:
To describe a brief psychotic episode associated with ingestion of a dietary supplement containing piperazine.
Methods:
A case report was undertaken.
Results:
A 20-year-old man developed a brief psychotic episode associated with persecutory delusional beliefs and auditory and visual hallucinations, leading him to commit the offence of arson. This episode occurred 12 h following the ingestion of 'Rapture' in addition to small quantities of cannabis and nitrous oxide, in a young man with no prior psychiatric history. This episode resolved with the use of benzodiazepines and 6 months later he has had no recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.
Conclusions:
Given the reported mechanism of action of the 'herbal high' dietary supplements, it would seem possible that they may be able to precipitate a psychotic episode in vulnerable individuals. With the increasing use of these substances, it is important for clinicians to be alert to this possibility.
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