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Polarization-insensitive high-dispersion total internal reflection diffraction gratings.

John R Marciante1, Jeffrey I Hirsh, Daniel H Raguin

  • 1Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA. johnm@lle.rochester.edu

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|February 19, 2005
PubMed
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This study demonstrates the first experimental total internal reflection (TIR) diffraction gratings, achieving low insertion loss (IL) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). These novel gratings offer high efficiency and broad bandwidth performance for optical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Diffraction gratings are crucial optical components.
  • Total internal reflection (TIR) principles are widely utilized in optics.
  • Achieving high performance with fabrication tolerances remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize total internal reflection (TIR) diffraction gratings.
  • To evaluate the performance metrics including insertion loss (IL) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL).
  • To assess the impact of fabrication tolerances on grating performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nineteen binary diffraction gratings meeting specific depth and duty cycle tolerances.
  • Characterization of grating performance, including IL and PDL, across a 50-nm spectral bandwidth.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements under Littrow configuration to determine diffraction efficiency and PDL over a 100-nm bandwidth.

    • Main Results:

    • Experimental realization of TIR diffraction gratings with IL < 0.6 dB and PDL < 0.2 dB across a 50-nm bandwidth.
    • Successful fabrication within +/-5% depth and +/-14% duty cycle tolerances.
    • High diffraction efficiency (up to 100%) and low PDL observed over a 100-nm bandwidth in Littrow configuration.

    Conclusions:

    • The successful experimental realization of TIR diffraction gratings is reported.
    • The fabricated gratings exhibit excellent performance metrics, including low IL and PDL.
    • The results demonstrate the viability of TIR diffraction gratings for broadband, high-efficiency optical applications.