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Method for measuring off-diagonal Kerr coefficients by using polarized light transmission.

Mike Melnichuk1, Lowell T Wood

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5005, USA.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|February 19, 2005
PubMed
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This study introduces a new method to measure off-diagonal Kerr coefficients using polarized light transmission, applicable to most crystals where both Pockels and Kerr effects coexist. The technique successfully measured coefficients in barium titanate.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • The electro-optic effect describes a material's change in refractive index under an applied electric field.
  • The quadratic electro-optic (Kerr) effect and linear electro-optic (Pockels) effect are crucial optical phenomena in crystalline materials.
  • Measuring off-diagonal Kerr coefficients is essential for understanding anisotropic optical responses but often complicated by the Pockels effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel experimental method for accurately measuring off-diagonal Kerr coefficients.
  • To isolate the Kerr effect from the Pockels effect in optical measurements.
  • To determine specific off-diagonal Kerr coefficients (R12 and R13) in barium titanate (BaTiO3).

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilizing polarized light transmission through a specially designed experimental setup.
  • Implementing a theoretical model that accounts for transmission, multiple reflections, and electrostriction.
  • Ensuring the experimental design minimizes or eliminates the contribution of the linear electro-optic (Pockels) effect.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed method successfully measures off-diagonal Kerr coefficients for crystal point groups where both Kerr and Pockels effects coexist.
    • The method was applied to a single crystal of ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) at room temperature.
    • The off-diagonal Kerr coefficients R12 and R13 for unclamped tetragonal BaTiO3 were measured as R12 = -3.5±0.3 x 10⁻¹⁷ m²/V² and R13 = -8.0±0.7 x 10⁻¹⁷ m²/V².

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method provides a reliable way to measure off-diagonal Kerr coefficients, overcoming interference from the Pockels effect.
    • This is the first reported measurement of these specific coefficients for unclamped tetragonal barium titanate using this technique.
    • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of electro-optic phenomena in ferroelectric materials.