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Related Experiment Videos

Cutting edge: all-trans retinoic acid down-regulates TLR2 expression and function.

Philip T Liu1, Stephan R Krutzik, Jenny Kim

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|February 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduces acne inflammation by down-regulating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its coreceptor CD14 on monocytes. ATRA also inhibits inflammatory responses triggered by Propionibacterium acnes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Microbial infections trigger host inflammatory responses, leading to tissue injury.
  • Acne inflammation is partly mediated by Propionibacterium acnes activating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).
  • All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is known to decrease inflammation in acne patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ATRA regulates the expression and function of TLR2.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which ATRA exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the context of acne.

Main Methods:

  • Primary human monocytes were treated with ATRA.
  • TLR2, CD14, TLR1, and TLR4 expression levels were analyzed.
  • Monocyte cytokine release was measured following stimulation with TLR2/1 and TLR4 ligands, as well as P. acnes.

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Main Results:

  • ATRA significantly down-regulated the expression of TLR2 and its coreceptor CD14, but not TLR1 or TLR4.
  • ATRA pre- and co-treatment inhibited cytokine release induced by a TLR2/1 ligand.
  • ATRA also suppressed monocyte cytokine induction by P. acnes, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusions:

  • ATRA exerts anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes through pathways involving TLR2/1 and CD14 expression.
  • ATRA also possesses TLR-independent anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
  • Targeting TLR expression and function presents a novel therapeutic strategy for treating human inflammatory conditions like acne.