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Processing doubly quantified sentences: evidence from eye movements.

Ruth Filik1, Kevin B Paterson, Simon P Liversedge

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland. r.filik@gla.ac.uk

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 1, 2005
PubMed
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Readers compute quantifier scope in ambiguous sentences during online processing. This scope computation is not always necessary for resolving definite anaphors, unless specific tasks require it.

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Doubly quantified sentences present ambiguity regarding the scope of quantifiers, influencing the interpretation of referents.
  • Resolving this ambiguity involves determining the relative scope of quantifiers (e.g., 'a' vs. 'every'), which affects the number of entities or events represented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the on-line processing of quantifier scope in ambiguous sentences.
  • To examine how quantifier order and sentence continuations (singular vs. plural) affect ambiguity resolution.
  • To explore the relationship between quantifier scope computation and the resolution of definite anaphors.

Main Methods:

  • An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to monitor reading patterns.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantifier order and the number of entities in sentence continuations were manipulated.
  • Constructions with direct or indirect objects appearing first were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Eye-tracking data revealed effects consistent with the on-line computation of relative quantifier scope.
    • A preference for singular continuations was observed, with two potential explanations considered.
    • The study found evidence for the immediate computation of scope during reading.

    Conclusions:

    • Relative quantifier scope is computed on-line during the reading of doubly quantified sentences.
    • Scope computation may not be a prerequisite for resolving definite anaphors, especially in the absence of secondary task demands.