Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2026

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

[Sendai virus proteins counteracting the host innate immunity]

Atsushi Kato1

  • 1Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. akato@nih.go.jp

Uirusu
|March 5, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Sendai virus P and C proteins, initially of unknown function, are crucial for early viral infection. These proteins counteract the host

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Sendai virus (SeV) genome sequencing in the 1980s identified P and V mRNAs from the P gene.
  • C protein is translated from both P and V mRNAs.
  • The function of SeV V and C proteins remained unclear until the advent of reverse-genetic techniques.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the role of Sendai virus V and C proteins in viral infection and host immune response.
  • To determine if V and C proteins are essential for virus replication.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which V and C proteins interact with host innate immunity.

Summary:

  • Reverse-genetic studies enabled the creation of V or C protein-knockout SeV, demonstrating these proteins are nonessential for general virus growth.
  • V knockout SeV was cleared from mouse lungs within one day post-inoculation.
  • C knockout SeV was cleared immediately post-inoculation, highlighting the critical role of both proteins in early infection stages.

Impact:

  • V and C proteins are essential for Sendai virus to counteract host innate immunity during the early phase of infection.
  • These findings provide insights into paramyxovirus-host interactions and immune evasion strategies.
  • Understanding the function of V and C proteins can inform the development of antiviral therapies.

More Related Videos

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA10:55

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

Published on: October 12, 2013

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...