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Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2003.

Paul Roche¹, Vicki Krause, Mark Bartlett

¹Surveillance Section, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. paul.roche@health.gov.au

Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report

|March 5, 2005

Summary

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Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) affected 2,174 Australians in 2003, with higher rates in Indigenous populations and children. Early data suggest the 7-valent vaccine shows a positive impact.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a significant public health concern in Australia.
Surveillance data from 2003 indicated notable geographical and demographic variations in IPD incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

To report on the epidemiology of IPD in Australia during 2003.
To assess the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Main Methods:

Analysis of national notifiable disease surveillance data for IPD cases in 2003.
Enhanced surveillance provided detailed data on 85% of notified cases.
Serotyping of pneumococcal isolates to determine vaccine-type coverage.

Main Results:

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A total of 2,174 IPD cases were notified, with a rate of 10.9 per 100,000 population.
Highest incidence was observed in children under two years and in Indigenous Australians (three times the rate of non-Indigenous individuals).
The 7-valent vaccine covered 71% of serotyped isolates, with early evidence of vaccine impact.

Conclusions:

IPD surveillance in Australia highlights disparities in disease burden, particularly affecting Indigenous populations and young children.
The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine appears to be having an early impact on reducing IPD cases caused by vaccine serotypes.