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Intestinal capillariasis.

J H Cross1

  • 1U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Manila, Philippines.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal capillariasis, caused by Capillaria philippinensis, is a zoonotic disease transmitted through raw freshwater fish. Autoinfection can lead to hyperinfection, malabsorption, and potentially fatal outcomes if untreated.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal capillariasis, caused by Capillaria philippinensis, is endemic in Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines and Thailand.
  • The parasite's life cycle involves freshwater fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts.
  • Human infection occurs through the consumption of raw freshwater fish containing infective larvae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the life cycle and transmission dynamics of Capillaria philippinensis.
  • To describe the clinical manifestations and pathological consequences of intestinal capillariasis.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for Capillaria philippinensis infections.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies involving intermediate and definitive hosts to establish the life cycle.

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  • Clinical case observations detailing symptoms and disease progression.
  • Review of treatment protocols including antiparasitic medication and supportive care.

    • Main Results:

    • The life cycle involves larval development in fish, maturation in definitive hosts, and egg production leading to environmental contamination.
    • Autoinfection within the human host contributes to hyperinfection, causing severe malabsorption, electrolyte imbalance, and potentially death.
    • Effective treatment involves antiparasitic drugs like mebendazole or albendazole, alongside electrolyte replacement and antidiarrheal agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Capillaria philippinensis represents a significant zoonotic threat, primarily transmitted through the consumption of inadequately prepared fish.
    • Understanding the complex life cycle, including autoinfection, is crucial for preventing and managing outbreaks.
    • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent severe complications and mortality associated with intestinal capillariasis.