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The B7 family revisited
Rebecca J Greenwald1, Gordon J Freeman, Arlene H Sharpe
1Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. rgreenwald@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Annual Review of Immunology
|March 18, 2005
Summary
The B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. New B7 and CD28 members offer novel insights into immune responses and therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The B7:CD28 family plays a crucial role in T cell activation and immune tolerance.
- Original B7 family members and newly identified members regulate T cell responses.
- CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are vital for maintaining self-tolerance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the regulatory roles of the B7:CD28 family in immune responses.
- To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting B7:CD28 interactions.
- To highlight the functions of newly discovered B7 and CD28 family members.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of B7:CD28 family interactions.
- Analysis of T cell activation and tolerance mechanisms.
- Examination of immune cell signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions promote T cell activation and support regulatory T cell homeostasis.
- New B7 family members (ICOSL, PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4) regulate T cell responses in peripheral tissues.
- New CD28 family members (ICOS, PD-1, BTLA) modulate T cell activation and tolerance, with roles in B cells.
Conclusions:
- The expanded B7:CD28 family provides diverse mechanisms for regulating T cell immunity and tolerance.
- Targeting specific pathways within the B7:CD28 family holds therapeutic promise for immune modulation.
- Understanding these interactions is key to developing novel immunotherapies.