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Brain potentials associated with expected and unexpected good and bad outcomes.

Greg Hajcak1, Clay B Holroyd, Jason S Moser

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA. hajcak@psych.udel.edu

Psychophysiology
|March 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Expectations influence brain responses to feedback. While the P300 brain potential is larger for unexpected feedback, the error-related negativity (ERN) is not affected by feedback expectations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related brain potential linked to error detection and negative feedback.
  • Previous research indicates the ERN and P300 brain potentials are sensitive to feedback valence and expectation, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of expectation on the ERN and P300.
  • To differentiate the roles of expectation and feedback valence in neural processing.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted manipulating negative feedback probability (25%, 50%, 75% trial-by-trial or blocked).
  • Event-related potentials (ERN and P300) were recorded in response to feedback stimuli.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • P300 amplitude was significantly larger for unexpected feedback, irrespective of valence.
  • The ERN amplitude did not differ between expected and unexpected negative feedback, suggesting it is not modulated by expectation.

Conclusions:

  • Feedback expectation plays a crucial role in modulating the P300 component.
  • The ERN appears to be primarily sensitive to the occurrence of errors or negative outcomes, rather than the predictability of the feedback.