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Store-operated calcium channels.

Anant B Parekh1, James W Putney

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. anant.parekh@physiol.ox.ac.uk

Physiological Reviews
|March 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Store-operated calcium entry, particularly the calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), is vital for nonexcitable and excitable cells. Its regulation involves a complex interplay between cellular organelles, though the precise molecular mechanisms remain under investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Physiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Calcium influx regulates essential cellular processes like exocytosis, gene regulation, and apoptosis.
  • Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the primary pathway for calcium influx in nonexcitable cells, triggered by the depletion of intracellular calcium stores.
  • The calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC) is the best-characterized SOCE pathway, increasingly recognized in excitable cells as well.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the electrophysiological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of ICRAC and other SOCE currents.
  • To discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of SOCE, including the elusive CRAC channel and calcium sensor.
  • To highlight the critical role of mitochondria in modulating ICRAC under physiological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological characterization of store-operated calcium currents.
  • Review of existing literature on calcium signaling and channel regulation.
  • Analysis of the interplay between endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and plasma membrane in calcium homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • ICRAC is a crucial calcium entry pathway with diverse roles in both nonexcitable and excitable cells.
  • The molecular identity of the CRAC channel and the calcium sensor remain to be fully elucidated, with potential links to TRP channels.
  • Mitochondria play a significant regulatory role in ICRAC, particularly under physiological conditions, indicating a dynamic organelle interaction.

Conclusions:

  • ICRAC represents a dynamic interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and plasma membrane.
  • Further research into the molecular components of CRAC channels is essential for a complete understanding of calcium signaling.
  • Understanding SOCE regulation is vital for comprehending numerous fundamental cellular processes.

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