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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
Published on: April 16, 2015
CTLA4 gene polymorphism and autoimmunity
Stephen C L Gough1, Lucy S K Walker, David M Sansom
1Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK. s.c.gough@bham.ac.uk
Abstract:
CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) are two receptors that have critical but opposing functions in T-cell stimulation. CD28 promotes a number of T-cell activities, whereas in contrast CTLA4 is an essential inhibitor of T-cell responses. Because of its inhibitory role, CTLA4 is a strong candidate susceptibility gene in autoimmunity and several studies suggest disease-associated polymorphisms. In this review, we discuss recent progress in relating CTLA4 polymorphisms to disease susceptibility and consider the putative mechanisms by which CTLA4 may act to inhibit autoimmunity.
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