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Eye movements in natural behavior.

Mary Hayhoe1, Dana Ballard

  • 1Department of Brain & Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. mary@cvs.rochester.edu

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|April 6, 2005
PubMed
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Recent advances reveal how eye movements, guided by tasks and internal rewards, are crucial for cognitive function and selecting visual information. These insights stem from neurophysiology and reinforcement learning theories.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Saccadic eye movements were historically linked to cognitive processes by Yarbus's experiments.
  • Recent breakthroughs have significantly deepened the understanding of eye movements' role in cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent advances in understanding the cognitive functions of eye movements.
  • To explore how task demands, internal rewards, and computational models influence visual information selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurophysiological studies demonstrating reward-based guidance of movements.
  • Analysis of theoretical developments in reinforcement learning and graphic simulation.
  • Integration of findings on task-dependent fixation strategies.

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Main Results:

  • Task demands critically guide fixation timing and location.
  • Internal reward mechanisms play a significant role in directing eye and body movements.
  • Reinforcement learning and simulation models provide frameworks for understanding behavioral control.

Conclusions:

  • Eye movements are integral to cognitive processing and the active selection of visual information.
  • A convergence of experimental and theoretical work is enhancing our understanding of sensorimotor control.
  • Future research can leverage these advances to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying visual attention and behavior.