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Allergic contact dermatitis in Iran.

Mansour Nassiri Kashani1, Farzam Gorouhi, Feraydoun Behnia

  • 1Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Mediacal Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. firozali@sina.tums.ac.ir

Contact Dermatitis
|April 7, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Nickel sulfate is the most common contact allergen in Iran, particularly affecting women and younger individuals. This study identified its prevalence in patients with dermatitis, highlighting exposure variations as a key factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Contact allergen sensitization varies globally due to genetic and exposure differences.
  • Dermatitis prevalence necessitates understanding local contact allergen frequencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of sensitization to common contact allergens in Iranian patients diagnosed with dermatitis.
  • To identify the most prevalent contact allergens within the Iranian population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 250 patients with contact or atopic dermatitis underwent patch testing.
  • A 28-allergen screening series, recommended by the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group, was used.
  • Patch test readings were conducted at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-application.

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Main Results:

  • Over half of the patients (50.4%) exhibited at least one positive reaction to allergens.
  • Nickel sulfate was the most frequent contact allergen, identified in 28.0% of patients.
  • Nickel sulfate allergy was more prevalent in females and individuals under 40, suggesting increased exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel sulfate is the leading contact allergen in Iran, with higher incidence in women and younger demographics.
  • Allergen exposure variations are critical in understanding sensitization patterns.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted allergen avoidance strategies in Iran.