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Related Experiment Videos

Interaction with a high-versus low-competence influence source in inductive reasoning.

Fabrizio Butera1, Jean-Paul Caverni, Sandrine Rossi

  • 1Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale de Grenoble-Chambéry, Pierre Mendès France University, Grenoble, France. fabrizio.butera@unil.ch

The Journal of Social Psychology
|April 9, 2005
PubMed
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People use confirmation strategies when testing hypotheses, especially with competent partners. However, they adopt disconfirmation strategies when interacting with less competent partners or when conversational norms are violated.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Inductive reasoning literature indicates a bias towards confirmatory strategies in hypothesis testing.
  • Confirmation bias is a well-documented phenomenon in human cognition.
  • Understanding these strategies is crucial for problem-solving and social interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how people employ confirmation and disconfirmation strategies in interactive problem-solving.
  • To examine the influence of partner competence and social norms on strategy selection.
  • To explore the interpersonal functions of confirmation and disconfirmation.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted involving interactive problem-solving tasks.
  • Study 1 manipulated partner competence (low vs. high) and observed strategy use.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Study 2 manipulated conversational norm violations and partner competence to assess disconfirmation triggers.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants learned to use disconfirmation with low-competence partners but used confirmation with high-competence partners, regardless of the partner's strategy.
    • Confrontation with a conversational norm violation led to increased disconfirmation use.
    • Low partner competence increased disconfirmation, while high partner competence decreased it when no norm violation occurred.

    Conclusions:

    • Partner competence and adherence to social norms significantly influence the use of confirmation and disconfirmation strategies.
    • Disconfirmation is employed to maintain self-competence and when social norms are challenged.
    • The findings highlight the interpersonal dynamics underlying hypothesis-testing strategies.