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Transmissivity variations in mudstones.

Alan M MacDonald¹, Simon J Kemp, Jeff Davies

¹British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, United Kingdom. amm@bgs.ac.uk

|April 12, 2005

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Groundwater in sub-Saharan Africa

Area of Science:

Hydrogeology
Clay Mineralogy

Background:

Sub-Saharan Africa faces water scarcity, often relying on limited groundwater in mudstones.
Mudstone hydrogeology is under-researched for sustainable water supply potential.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate factors controlling usable groundwater occurrence in Cretaceous mudstones.
Assess transmissivity variations in diverse mudstone environments for water supply.

Main Methods:

Field study over 3 years in southeastern Nigeria.
Analysis of transmissivity (T) in relation to mudstone diagenesis and lithology.
Examination of fracturing and clay mineralogy (smectite, illite/smectite, illite).

Main Results:

Transmissivity > 1 m²/d achievable in top 40m of mudstones for village supplies.

Related Experiment Videos

Low transmissivity (< 0.1 m²/d) in unaltered, smectitic mudstones.

Increased transmissivity (1-4 m²/d) in metamorphosed mudstones with fracturing.

Dolerite intrusions and thin sedimentary layers significantly enhance transmissivity.

Conclusions:

Mudstone groundwater availability is controlled by metamorphism and lithology.
Targeted zones within mudstones, especially fractured or intruded areas, can support water supplies.
Understanding diagenetic and structural controls is key to sustainable groundwater development in mudstone aquifers.