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Glutathione transferases.

John D Hayes1, Jack U Flanagan, Ian R Jowsey

  • 1Biomedical Research Center, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom. john.hayes@cancer.org.uk

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|April 12, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Mammalian glutathione transferases (GSTs) detoxify harmful compounds and regulate cellular processes. Genetic variations in GSTs impact disease susceptibility and cellular responses to stress.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Mammalian glutathione transferases (GSTs) comprise cytosolic, mitochondrial, and MAPEG (microsomal) families.
  • GSTs detoxify xenobiotics and endogenous reactive metabolites, playing roles in biosynthesis and degradation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse functions of mammalian GST families.
  • To explore the involvement of GSTs in cellular signaling and gene regulation.
  • To examine the impact of GST genetic polymorphisms on disease susceptibility and cellular responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GST functions, substrates, and genetic variations.
  • Analysis of studies on gene knockout models to determine GST activities.
  • Examination of promoter regions for regulatory elements like antioxidant response elements.

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Main Results:

  • GSTs conjugate signaling molecules like 15d-PGJ2 and 4-hydroxynonenal, influencing PPARgamma, Nrf2, and NF-kappaB pathways.
  • Cytosolic GSTs are cytoprotective, while MAPEG proteins exhibit proinflammatory activities.
  • Genetic polymorphisms in human GSTs are linked to carcinogenesis, inflammatory diseases, lung function alterations, and cardiovascular risks.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian GSTs are crucial for detoxification, cellular signaling, and maintaining redox homeostasis.
  • GST genetic variations significantly influence individual susceptibility to diseases.
  • Understanding GST functions and polymorphisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies.