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Diet reconstruction in the Roman era.
V Smrcka1, J Jambor, J Gladykowska-Rzeczycka
1Center for Patients with Locomotor Defects, Prague.
Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica
|April 15, 2005
Summary
Trace element analysis of Roman-era femora reveals distinct dietary patterns. Germanic populations favored a protein-rich diet, while lead exposure varied by social class and location.
Area of Science:
- Paleodietary studies
- Bioarchaeology
- Trace element analysis
Background:
- Roman period skeletons (1st-4th centuries A.D.) from 12 cemeteries were analyzed.
- Understanding ancient diets and environmental exposures is crucial for historical reconstruction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reconstruct the basic diet of populations during the Roman period using trace element analysis.
- To investigate dietary differences between Germanic and Sarmatian groups and assess lead exposure.
Main Methods:
- Trace element analysis of proximal femora samples.
- Comparison of trace element profiles with known dietary models and geographical data.
Main Results:
- Populations in East Pomerania, Halle, and near the Danube (Sládkovicovo) exhibited diets rich in protein, consistent with the "meat, milk, and cheese" model.
- A clear dietary divide was observed along the Danube River, with northern regions showing a higher animal-based food component and southern regions a greater plant-based component.
- Higher lead concentrations were found in Germanic femora compared to Sarmatians, with peak levels in Pannonian towns and Roman legionary camps, particularly in adolescents and middle-aged adults.
Conclusions:
- Trace element analysis effectively distinguishes dietary patterns and environmental exposures in ancient populations.
- The Danube River served as a significant dietary boundary during the Roman period.
- Lead exposure was linked to social status and geographical location, indicating its role as a "civilization element" in Roman society.