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Charge limits on droplets during evaporation.

Kuo-Yen Li1, Haohua Tu, Asit K Ray

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0045, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|April 20, 2005
PubMed
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Microdroplet breakups occur at the Rayleigh charge limit, with varying charge and mass losses depending on the liquid. Some liquids lose significant charge but minimal mass, forming many small droplets.

Area of Science:

  • Physics of fluids
  • Colloid and interface science
  • Electrodynamics

Background:

  • Electrodynamic balance is used to study microdroplet behavior.
  • Charge stability limits are crucial for understanding droplet dynamics.
  • Evaporating microdroplets present unique challenges in stability studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the charge stability limits of single evaporating microdroplets.
  • To determine the size, charge, and mass changes during charge instability induced breakup.
  • To compare breakup mechanisms across different liquid types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an electrodynamic balance to suspend microdroplets.
  • Employing high-precision light scattering with optical resonances for size determination.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measuring charge levels and losses via DC voltage adjustments before and after breakup.

    • Main Results:

    • Microdroplet breakups consistently occurred at the Rayleigh charge limit.
    • Observed charge losses ranged from 15.3% (hexadecane) to 41.1% (triethylene glycol).
    • Mass losses were minimal (≤2.3%) for diethyl phthalate and hexadecane, and undetectable for diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol.

    Conclusions:

    • Breakup mechanisms differ: diethyl phthalate and hexadecane form few large droplets, while diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol produce numerous fine droplets.
    • Low mass loss with high charge loss in DEG and TEG suggests a distinct breakup process.
    • Results confirm Rayleigh limit adherence and highlight liquid-dependent fragmentation pathways.