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Related Experiment Videos

The upper oesophageal sphincter.

S Singh1, S Hamdy

  • 1Department of GI Sciences, Hope Hospital, Manchester, UK.

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|April 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) controls food entry into the esophagus and prevents air intake. Its complex muscle function and pressure variations are crucial for swallowing and other physiological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) is a high-pressure zone essential for swallowing, preventing air ingestion, and allowing reflux.
  • It involves the cricopharyngeus muscle, inferior pharyngeal constrictor, and cervical esophagus, with complex basal tone and pressure regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the UOS.
  • To discuss current investigations and treatment strategies for UOS dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on UOS anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods like videofluoroscopic swallow examinations, manometry, and electromyography.

Main Results:

  • UOS pressure is influenced by stress, esophageal distension, acid infusion, and pharyngeal stimulation.
  • Normal UOS values and their clinical utility remain controversial, leading to inconsistent characterization of pathological changes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding UOS anatomy and physiology is key to diagnosing and managing its dysfunction.
  • Further research is needed to establish a solid evidence base for UOS investigation and treatment.

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