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Related Experiment Videos

Future vaccine development at NICHD.

John B Robbins1, Rachel Schneerson

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, NICHD, NIH, Building 6, Room 436, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. robbinsj@nichd.nih.gov

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|April 20, 2005
PubMed
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A critical level of serum IgG antibodies to pathogen surface structures, like polysaccharides and LPS, confers immunity. Conjugating these to proteins enhances immunogenicity, suggesting their use in routine infant vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Invasive bacterial pathogens possess surface structures (polysaccharides, LPS) that are targets for antibody-mediated immunity.
  • The immunogenicity of these structures can be limited, hindering effective vaccine development.
  • Herd immunity, observed with Bordetella pertussis, highlights the importance of community-level protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that a critical level of serum IgG antibodies to pathogen surface structures confers immunity.
  • To explore the role of protein conjugation in enhancing the immunogenicity of polysaccharide antigens.
  • To evaluate the potential of antibody responses to pertussis toxin for individual and herd immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of published data and original study results.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hypothesis formulation regarding antibody levels and immunity.
  • Assessment of antigenicity and T-cell properties upon protein conjugation.
  • Evaluation of IgG antibody levels against specific bacterial components.

    • Main Results:

    • A critical level of serum IgG antibodies to capsular polysaccharides and LPS domains of various pathogens is hypothesized to confer immunity.
    • Covalent attachment of these structures to proteins enhances their immunogenicity and confers T-cell properties.
    • A critical level of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin induces individual and herd immunity to Bordetella pertussis.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunity to invasive pathogens can be conferred by specific levels of serum IgG antibodies targeting their surface structures.
    • Protein conjugation is a viable strategy to improve the immunogenicity of polysaccharide antigens.
    • Pertussis toxoid and polysaccharide-protein conjugates show promise for inclusion in routine infant immunization schedules.