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Practitioner review: early adversity and developmental disorders.

Eric Taylor1, Jody Warner Rogers

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK. r.kelly@iop.kcl.ac.uk

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|April 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Early life environmental factors significantly impact developmental disorders, with genetic influences modulating vulnerability. Understanding these interactions is crucial for effective clinical intervention and treatment prioritization.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic influences on developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disabilities are increasingly understood.
  • This knowledge enhances opportunities for investigating early environmental influences on neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with a review of environmental factors affecting child development.
  • To explore the mechanisms through which early adversities operate.
  • To identify research gaps and suggest clinical investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Selective narrative review of existing literature.
  • Focus on in utero and postnatal exposures (toxins, stress), perinatal factors (brain injury, compromise), and nutritional deficiencies.

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  • Examination of mechanisms linking early adversity to developmental outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Several environmental adversities show associations suggesting a causal role in later developmental disorders.
    • The impact of these adversities often affects broad psychological processes and may not be easily reversible.
    • Co-occurrence of multiple adversities necessitates skilled clinical judgment for treatment planning.

    Conclusions:

    • Individual susceptibility to environmental adversity is influenced by genetic inheritance.
    • Genetic factors play a role in both exposure levels and vulnerability to the effects of early adversity.