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Environmental sanitary interventions for preventing active trachoma.

M Rabiu1, M Alhassan, H Ejere

  • 1Community Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Off Nnamdi Azykiwe Way, PMB 2267, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria. mrabiu@hotmail.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Environmental sanitation, including insecticide sprays and health education, can significantly reduce trachoma prevalence. While latrine provision showed less impact, these measures are crucial for controlling this leading cause of blindness in endemic areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness globally, affecting millions in developing countries.
  • Environmental sanitation is a key strategy for controlling trachoma transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental hygiene interventions in reducing active trachoma prevalence.
  • To synthesize evidence from controlled trials on sanitation measures for trachoma control.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched multiple databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS.
  • Included trials comparing hygiene measures (fly control, water, health education) against no intervention.

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Main Results:

  • Insecticide spray (fly control) reduced trachoma by 55-61%.
  • Latrine provision showed a non-significant 29.5% reduction.
  • Health education on hygiene doubled the odds of trachoma reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Insecticide sprays are effective in significantly reducing trachoma.
  • Health education shows potential for trachoma reduction.
  • More research is needed to fully assess the impact of various environmental sanitation measures.