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Grey matter changes over time in high risk subjects developing schizophrenia.

Dominic E Job1, Heather C Whalley, Eve C Johnstone

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, The Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland, UK. djob@staffmail.ed.ac.uk

Neuroimage
|April 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Grey Matter Density (GMD) declines in the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes may predict schizophrenia onset in at-risk individuals. These brain changes occur years before diagnosis, offering potential early detection markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia affects 1% of the population, with known brain volume reductions, but the timing of these changes is unclear.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate structural brain abnormalities, especially in the temporal lobes, in schizophrenia patients.
  • Understanding brain structure changes before the onset of schizophrenia is critical for elucidating its pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Grey Matter Density (GMD) changes in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia before the illness manifests.
  • To identify potential early neuroimaging markers for predicting schizophrenia development.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze GMD changes over approximately 2 years in 65 high-risk and 19 healthy control young adults.

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  • All participants were antipsychotic-naive at both scanning sessions.
  • Longitudinal changes in GMD were mapped and compared between groups.

    • Main Results:

    • No GMD increases were observed in either group.
    • The high-risk group showed significant GMD declines in the temporal lobes, right frontal lobe, and right parietal lobe.
    • Individuals who later developed schizophrenia exhibited distinct GMD reduction patterns in the left temporal lobe and right cerebellum 2-3 years prior to diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant declines in GMD occur in specific brain regions years before schizophrenia diagnosis in at-risk individuals.
    • These GMD reductions may serve as predictive markers for the future onset of schizophrenia.
    • The spatial patterns of GMD reduction differ between high-risk individuals with and without psychotic symptoms.