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A multicenter evaluation of absorbent products for children with incontinence and disabilities
Margaret Macaulay1, Lena Pettersson, Mandy Fader
1University College London, Continence Products Evaluation Network, Continence Technology Group, Department of Medicine/Medical Phsyics, Archway Campus, Highgate Hill, London, UK. m.macaulay@ucl.ac.uk
Insights
Disposable diapers and pull-up style pads offer comparable performance for children with disabilities. Product choice depends on individual needs, with diapers preferred for nighttime use and pull-ups for children assisting with changes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric continence care
- Assistive technology for disabilities
Background:
- Children with learning and physical disabilities often require specialized continence products.
- Disposable pull-up style pads (pull-ups) and disposable diapers (diapers) are common options.
- Evaluating the comparative performance and user satisfaction of these products is crucial for optimal care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate disposable pull-up style pads for children with disabilities.
- To compare the performance of pull-ups against a sample of disposable diapers.
- To identify specific use cases and preferences for each product type.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter randomized crossover trial involving 61 children with disabilities across the UK.
- Children tested 5 pull-ups and 5 diapers for up to one week each, at home and school.
- Caregiver and school staff questionnaires, along with pad weight and leakage diaries, were used for data collection.
Main Results:
- Overall performance between pull-ups and diapers was similar, with one pull-up product underperforming.
- Pull-ups were effective for children who could assist with toileting and changes.
- Diapers were favored for ease of changing (especially with mobility aids) and for nighttime use due to higher absorbency.
Conclusions:
- Both diapers and pull-ups have distinct advantages and disadvantages for children with disabilities.
- Product selection should be individualized based on a child's specific needs, independence level, and caregiver preferences.
- While pull-ups may be more costly, their use is justifiable when aligned with a thorough assessment of individual requirements.
Objective:
To evaluate all disposable pull-up-style pads (pull-ups) designed for children with learning and or physical disabilities and compare these with a representative sample of disposable diapers (diapers).
Design:
A multicenter randomized crossover trial where all children evaluated each product. SETTING AND CHILDREN: A total of 61 community dwelling children with disabilities were recruited from 5 areas throughout the United Kingdom. Families were invited by letter to participate through their local clinical nurse specialist for continence care.
Instruments:
Instruments used included a range of questionnaires (product performance, design performance, and design preference questionnaires) and pad weight and leakage diaries.
Methods:
The children tested 10 products (5 pull-ups and 5 diapers) for up to 1 week per product both at home and at school. Caregivers (parents and guardians) completed the questionnaires after evaluation of individual products and design groups had been completed. They recorded wet product weights and scored pad leakage at each pad change. School staff completed an abbreviated product performance questionnaire for each product.
Results:
There was little difference in the overall performance of the pull-ups compared with the diapers. In the pull-up group, one product performed significantly worse than the others for some performance aspects. Pull-ups worked particularly well for children able to assist with toileting and pad changes. Diapers were liked for ease of changing if the child used calipers, adapted footwear, or trousers. Diapers were more popular than pull-ups for night use, when greater absorbency was required. Neither design performed differently for school or home use. Most caregivers expressed a preference for diapers or pull-ups based on a range of individual needs, for example, level of independence in toileting, discreteness in pad change, fit, and product appearance.
Conclusions:
Diapers and pull-ups have different strengths and limitations, and both meet the specific needs of individual children. Although pull-ups are more expensive than diapers, their use is justified if based on a thorough assessment of individual need.