Structural and functional relationships between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be divided in two groups of equal size on the basis of differences in the structure of their active sites. The core of class I synthetases is the classical nucleotide-binding domain with its characteristic Rossmann fold. In contrast, the active site of class II synthetases is built around an antiparallel beta-sheet, to which the substrates bind. This classification, which is based on structural data (amino acid sequences and tertiary structures), can be rationalized in functional terms.