Laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasonography

Ultrasonography has been an integral part of gynecology and general surgery in recent years. New technology has allowed this modality to be extended to include intraoperative assessment through a laparoscopic approach. This allows more accurate imaging with higher resolution than previously attainable. Combining the ultrasonic and visual images on the monitor screen simultaneously (picture in a picture) allows a further dimension of information which can modify surgical direction. The equipment used by the author is described and clinical experience discussed. Further clinical applications are considered and the prac- ticality of the methodology assessed.