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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Earth's energy imbalance: confirmation and implications.

James Hansen¹, Larissa Nazarenko, Reto Ruedy

¹NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA. jhansen@giss.nasa.gov

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 30, 2005

Summary

Earth is absorbing excess solar energy due to greenhouse gases, causing a significant energy imbalance. This indicates future warming and accelerated sea level rise, necessitating proactive climate change mitigation strategies.

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Area of Science:

Climate science
Earth system science
Atmospheric physics

Background:

The Earth's energy balance is influenced by greenhouse gases and aerosols.
Accurate measurement of energy imbalance is crucial for climate projections.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the current energy imbalance of the Earth.
To project future climate change impacts based on observed energy imbalance.

Main Methods:

Utilized a climate model driven by forcings like greenhouse gases and aerosols.
Confirmed model calculations with 10 years of ocean heat content measurements.

Main Results:

Calculated Earth is absorbing 0.85 +/- 0.15 W/m² more solar energy than it emits.
Observed increasing ocean heat content corroborates the calculated energy imbalance.

Conclusions:

Projected global warming of 0.6°C without further atmospheric changes.
Highlighted the climate system's lag, requiring anticipatory climate action.
Indicated accelerated ice sheet disintegration and sea level rise are likely.