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Related Experiment Videos

Aging, subjective experience, and cognitive control: dramatic false remembering by older adults.

Larry L Jacoby1, Anthony J Bishara, Sandra Hessels

  • 1Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. lljacoby@artsci.wustl.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|May 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Older adults are more prone to memory interference from misleading information, even when initial learning is equalized. This suggests deficits in cognitive control and inhibitory functions in older age.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience of aging
  • Human memory

Background:

  • Older adults often exhibit greater susceptibility to interference effects compared to younger adults.
  • Previous studies have not adequately controlled for differences in original learning between age groups.
  • Understanding age-related differences in memory interference is crucial for cognitive health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether older adults are more susceptible to interference effects from misleading information, even when original learning is equated.
  • To quantify the extent to which older adults falsely remember misleading information.
  • To explore the role of cognitive control and inhibitory functions in age-related memory interference.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted to assess susceptibility to interference effects.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Original learning was carefully equated between older and younger adult participants.
  • A multinomial model was used to analyze cognitive control processes.

    • Main Results:

    • Older adults demonstrated a significantly higher susceptibility to interference effects caused by misleading primes.
    • Even with equated learning, older adults were substantially more likely to falsely recall misleading information.
    • Older adults were less likely to improve accuracy by withholding responses in free-response conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Older adults are more vulnerable to misleading information due to deficits in cognitive control and inhibitory functions.
    • The findings support a cognitive model where older adults are more prone to 'goal neglect' or impaired inhibition.
    • This research highlights critical age-related differences in memory processing and cognitive control mechanisms.