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Related Experiment Videos

Lower extremity control and dynamics during backward angular impulse generation in forward translating tasks.

W Mathiyakom1, J L McNitt-Gray, R Wilcox

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, 3560 Watt Way, PED 107, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|May 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Complex movements reveal how the nervous system controls the body. Different jump types alter lower extremity joint control, impacting coordination and force generation during takeoff.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Complex whole-body movements suggest hierarchical nervous system control.
  • Comparing forward jumps with and without backward impulse reveals differences in trunk-leg coordination and reaction forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how trunk-leg coordination and reaction force generation influence lower extremity joint control during impulse generation.
  • To compare joint kinetics and muscle activation patterns between forward jumps with and without backward rotation.

Main Methods:

  • Eight skilled performers executed forward jumps with and without backward rotation (reverse somersault vs. reverse timer).
  • Collected sagittal plane kinematics, ground reaction forces, and lower extremity muscle electromyograms during takeoff.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculated lower extremity joint kinetics using inverse dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences observed in inter-segmental coordination, net joint forces, and joint angular velocity profiles between tasks.
    • Reverse somersaults showed significantly less knee extensor net joint moment and work, and greater hip extensor net joint moment and work compared to reverse timers.
    • Between-task differences in joint kinetics were modulated by selective activation of bi-articular muscles.

    Conclusions:

    • Altered control of the center of mass relative to the reaction force modifies the dynamics of the lower extremity multi-joint subsystem.
    • The nervous system employs distinct strategies for controlling lower extremity joint kinetics based on task demands, particularly involving bi-articular muscle activation.