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Related Experiment Videos

Processing speed, executive function, and age differences in remembering and knowing.

David Bunce1, Anna Macready

  • 1Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK. d.bunce@gold.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|May 11, 2005
PubMed
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Older adults show memory differences compared to younger adults, especially with longer encoding times. Processing speed, not executive control, explains age-related memory changes in remembering and knowing.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Ageing impacts cognitive functions, including memory recall and recognition.
  • Understanding age-related memory differences is crucial for cognitive health research.
  • The remember-know procedure differentiates recollection from familiarity-based recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in memory retrieval using the remember-know paradigm.
  • To examine the influence of encoding time on memory performance in young and older adults.
  • To explore the roles of processing speed and executive functions in age-associated memory changes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: Young (M=23.27 years) and old (M=68.62 years) adults.
  • Task: Recognition memory test with two encoding conditions (2s and 5s) using semantically unrelated nouns.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Procedure: Gardiner's (1988) remember-know procedure to classify recognition responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Age differences in remembering and knowing were minimal with 2s encoding.
    • With 5s encoding, younger adults showed more 'remember' responses, while older adults showed more 'know' responses.
    • Processing speed, not executive control, significantly accounted for age differences in memory performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Encoding time and processing speed interact to influence age-related memory performance.
    • Elaborative rehearsal may be more affected by age than maintenance rehearsal.
    • Findings suggest processing speed is a key factor in age-related memory declines, impacting recollective experience.