Radiation analysis for manned missions to the Jupiter system

Area of Science:

• Space exploration
• Planetary science
• Astrophysics

Background:

• Human exploration beyond Mars is a key objective.
• The Jovian system, particularly Callisto, presents unique challenges and opportunities for human missions.
• Previous studies have not fully analyzed the complexities of manned missions to Jovian moons.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the feasibility of manned missions to Jupiter's moon Callisto.
• To evaluate mission trajectories, propulsion systems, and radiation exposure.
• To assess the viability of surface exploration on Callisto.

Main Methods:

• Mission analysis encompassing interplanetary cruise, Jupiter orbital insertion, and surface exploration.
• Trajectory design using various propulsion systems, with durations of 2-5 years.
• Radiation dose assessment using HZETRN code for hadrons and a custom code for electrons/photons, considering surface backscattering.

Main Results:

• Interplanetary cruise durations range from two to five years.
• Detailed analysis of Jupiter orbital insertion, including radiation belt traversal.
• Surface composition modeling of Callisto based on GALILEO data.

Conclusions:

• Manned missions to Callisto are feasible with careful planning of propulsion and trajectory.
• Radiation exposure during transit and orbital insertion requires mitigation strategies.
• Further research into Callisto's surface and radiation environment is crucial for mission success.