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Low speed vehicle passenger ejection restraint effectiveness
Kristopher J Seluga1, Irving U Ojalvo, Richard M Obert
1Technology Associates, 1011 High Ridge Rd., Stamford, CT 06905, USA. kseluga@technology-assoc.com
Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|May 17, 2005
Summary
Larger hip restraints and a central handhold are crucial for preventing passenger ejections in golf carts and Low Speed Vehicles (LSVs). Current designs are insufficient for ensuring safety during sharp turns.
Area of Science:
- Vehicle Safety Engineering
- Biomechanics
- Human Factors
Background:
- Golf carts and Low Speed Vehicles (LSVs) frequently cause passenger ejections during sharp turns.
- Existing hip restraints and handholds in these vehicles are often inadequately designed to prevent ejections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the minimum size requirements for hip restraints to prevent passenger ejection.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a central handhold in enhancing passenger safety.
- To provide recommendations for golf cart and LSV manufacturers to improve fleet safety.
Main Methods:
- A simulation of a turning golf cart provided dynamic input.
- A biomechanical model of an adult male was used to assess passenger response.
- Various hip restraint and handhold configurations were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Only the largest hip restraint geometries were effective in preventing passenger ejection.
- Current restraint designs are generally insufficient for ensuring passenger retention.
- A central handhold demonstrated potential to improve safety outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Significant improvements in hip restraint size are necessary for effective passenger retention.
- The addition of a central handhold is recommended for enhanced safety.
- Implementing these design changes can substantially reduce passenger ejections in LSVs and golf carts.