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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

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Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates
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Published on: April 4, 2020

Human-modified temperatures induce species changes: Joint attribution.

Terry L Root1, Dena P MacMynowski, Michael D Mastrandrea

  • 1Center for Environmental Science and Policy, Stanford Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6055, USA. troot@stanford.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human activities significantly contribute to global warming, which in turn demonstrably alters plant and animal traits. This study provides statistical evidence linking anthropogenic climate change to ecological shifts.

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Published on: April 4, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Change Science
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Global surface-air temperatures are rising, with ongoing debate regarding the primary drivers (natural vs. anthropogenic).
  • Ecological studies have observed shifts in plant and animal life attributed to warming trends.
  • Direct statistical attribution of species changes to human-induced climate change has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically demonstrate the "joint attribution" of species changes to anthropogenic climate change.
  • To establish a two-step linkage: human activities impacting temperature, and altered temperatures affecting species traits.
  • To independently test temperature projections from the HadCM3 general circulation model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized modeled climatic variables and observed species data, independent of direct thermometer records.
  • Employed statistical analyses to establish a significant connection between human activities, temperature changes, and species trait alterations.
  • Validated general circulation model (HadCM3) temperature projections at a grid-box scale.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a statistically significant "joint attribution" linking human activities to temperature increases.
  • Confirmed that human-induced temperature changes are associated with observable alterations in plant and animal traits.
  • Provided independent verification of HadCM3 model's temperature projections.

Conclusions:

  • Human activities are a significant driver of current climate change, leading to measurable ecological impacts.
  • The study establishes a robust statistical link between anthropogenic warming and changes in biodiversity.
  • Findings support the reliability of climate models in projecting future temperature changes and their ecological consequences.