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Left ventricular geometry in children with chronic renal failure

Arūnas Malikenas1, Vilija Cerniauskiene, Marija Jakutovic

  • 1Vilnius University Children's Hospital, Santariskiu 4, 01102 Vilnius, Lithuania.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|May 20, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) show altered left ventricular (LV) geometry, including increased thickness and mass. These cardiac changes suggest a heightened cardiovascular disease risk in pediatric CRI patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in children is associated with cardiovascular complications.
  • Understanding left ventricular (LV) geometry changes is crucial for risk stratification in pediatric CRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate left ventricular (LV) geometry in non-dialyzed children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI).
  • To examine the relationship between LV geometry, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and underlying renal disease type in pediatric CRI.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography was performed on 56 non-dialyzed CRI patients and 56 age-matched controls.
  • Key echocardiographic parameters including interventricular septum thickness, LV posterior wall thickness, LV mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness were measured.
  • LV hypertrophy (LVH) and remodeling were assessed.

Main Results:

  • CRI patients exhibited significantly increased interventricular septum thickness, LV posterior wall thickness, LV mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness compared to controls.
  • Thirty-six percent of CRI patients presented with LV hypertrophy (LVH).
  • No significant correlation was found between LV parameters and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) across different CRI stages. Patients with acquired/hereditary renal diseases showed higher LVMI than those with congenital abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Children with mild, moderate, and predialysis chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) exhibit significant alterations in left ventricular (LV) geometry.
  • These LV changes indicate an increased cardiovascular disease risk in pediatric patients with CRI, regardless of GFR levels.
  • The type of renal disease may influence the extent of LV mass increase.

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