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Changes in life expectancy 1900-1990.

K G Kinsella1

  • 1Center for International Research, US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
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Life expectancy has increased globally over the past century, but gains vary by region and gender. This study examines 20th-century life expectancy trends and factors influencing longevity in industrialized nations.

Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Global life expectancy at birth has significantly increased over the last century.
  • Mortality improvements exhibit considerable regional and gender-based disparities.
  • Recent decades show varied mortality trends, with some nations experiencing increases, challenging previous demographic predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review life expectancy levels and changes at birth and older ages in industrialized countries during the 20th century.
  • To summarize trends in mortality and morbidity at older ages.
  • To explore factors influencing longevity, including disease transition and physical attributes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical demographic data on life expectancy.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of mortality and morbidity trends in older populations.
  • Examination of cause-specific and active/inactive life expectancy decompositions.
  • Correlation of life expectancy with physical attributes potentially indicating nutritional status.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant increases in life expectancy observed across industrialized nations throughout the 20th century.
    • Divergent rates of mortality improvement between genders and regions noted.
    • Shift from infectious to chronic diseases impacting mortality and morbidity patterns in older age groups.
    • Initial correlations found between life expectancy and physical attributes linked to nutrition.

    Conclusions:

    • 20th-century demographic shifts demonstrate substantial gains in life expectancy, yet disparities persist.
    • Understanding the epidemiological transition and nutritional factors is crucial for future longevity research.
    • Further investigation is warranted into the limits of human lifespan and the determinants of healthy aging.