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Apoptosis--programmed cell death: a role in the aging process?

D Monti1, L Troiano, F Tropea

  • 1Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Modena, Italy.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
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Cellular defense networks decline with age, impacting cell death and proliferation. Nicotinamide and L-carnitine show potential as anti-aging substances by protecting cells from oxygen free radical damage.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Aging Research
  • Genotoxic Stress Response

Background:

  • Cells possess integrated defense networks involving DNA repair, antioxidants, poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase (pADPRP), and stress proteins to combat genotoxic agents like oxygen free radicals (OFRs).
  • Age-related decline in the efficiency of these cellular defense mechanisms can disrupt cell proliferation and cell death regulation.
  • Oxygen free radicals (OFRs) are implicated in the aging process and cellular damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of DNA damage and pADPRP activation in human lymphocytes exposed to OFRs.
  • To investigate the type of cell death induced by OFRs in human lymphocytes.
  • To present in vitro and in vivo data on strategies to mitigate oxidative stress in lymphocytes from normal and Down syndrome subjects.

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Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory data concerning DNA damage, pADPRP activation, and OFR-induced cell death in human lymphocytes.
  • In vitro and in vivo experiments using natural compounds and trace elements to reduce oxidative stress.
  • Assessment of protective effects of nicotinamide and L-carnitine on human cells against OFR-induced damage.

Main Results:

  • Data reviewed highlight the connection between DNA damage, pADPRP activation, and OFR-induced cell death pathways in lymphocytes.
  • Nicotinamide and L-carnitine demonstrated protective effects against OFR-induced cellular damage in human lymphocytes.
  • The study explored strategies for reducing oxidative stress in lymphocytes from both normal and Down syndrome individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotinamide and L-carnitine are effective in protecting human cells from oxygen free radical-induced damage.
  • These compounds show promise as potential anti-aging substances due to their protective effects on cellular defense mechanisms.
  • Targeting oxidative stress in lymphocytes may offer therapeutic strategies for age-related decline and associated conditions.