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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Published on: June 8, 2010

RETRACTED: Patient-specific embryonic stem cells derived from human SCNT blastocysts.

Woo Suk Hwang¹, Sung Il Roh, Byeong Chun Lee

¹College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 21, 2005

Summary

Patient-specific human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were created using somatic cell nuclear transfer. These immune-matched cells are pluripotent and genetically identical to patients, paving the way for safe stem cell transplantation.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

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Published on: June 8, 2010

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Reproductive Medicine
Immunology

Background:

Patient-specific human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold significant promise for disease research and regenerative medicine.
Advancements in stem cell transplantation necessitate the development of immune-matched cell lines.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish patient-specific, immune-matched hESC lines using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
To assess the pluripotency, chromosomal stability, and immunological compatibility of generated nuclear transfer hESCs (NT-hESCs).

Main Methods:

Generation of eleven NT-hESC lines from patient skin cells via SCNT into donated oocytes.
Culture of NT-hESCs on human feeder cells from the same or unrelated donors.
Analysis of NT-hESC pluripotency, chromosomal normality, DNA matching, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) identity.

Main Results:

NT-hESCs were successfully established at high rates from diverse patient donors.
Generated NT-hESCs demonstrated pluripotency, chromosomal normalcy, and patient-specific DNA matching.
Immunological compatibility was confirmed through MHC identity comparison between NT-hESCs and patients.

Conclusions:

The successful generation of patient-specific, immune-matched NT-hESCs is a critical step towards clinical applications.
Further research is required for directed differentiation protocols and removal of animal components before clinical transplantation.
Preclinical evidence demonstrating safety and efficacy of differentiated NT-hESC transplantation is essential for future clinical use.