Liquid chromatographic separation of alkanesulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants: effect of ionic strength

The retention of alkanesulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants, which was determined on a reversed stationary phase as a function of mobile-phase ionic strength, is consistent with a double-layer type interaction at the stationary-phase surface. Increasing the mobile-phase ionic strength not only increases retention but also improves resolution because peak widths are significantly reduced. The type of cation provided by the ionic strength salt also enhances retention, reduces peak width, and improves resolution. Lithium hydroxide is an ideal electrolyte for the separation of multicomponent mixtures of alkanesulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants. When the column effluent is passed through a postcolumn anion micromembrane suppressor, the conductivity due to the electrolyte is minimized and conductivity detection is sensitive, yielding a detection limit of about 0.3 nmol of injected analyte for a 3:1 signal:noise ratio. Multicomponent alkanesulfonate and alkyl sulfate mixtures from C2 to C18 are baseline resolved by using a mobile-phase gradient whereby CH3CN concentration increases and LiOH concentration decreases.